O group is the most frequent in abo blood group system followed by a blood group. Blood groups introduction classical abo blood grouping system rh blood grouping system clinical applications of blood groups. Collections a blood group system consists of one or more antigens, controlled by a single gene kell or by two rh or three mns very closely linked homologous genes. Blood group systems smart 2008 isbt science series wiley. The letters stand for two antigens chemical substances that can be targeted by ones immune system labeled a and b. A blood type also called a blood group is a classification of blood, based on the presence and absence of antibodies and inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells rbcs. Types of blood groups and their characteristics styles at life. During the blood transfusion, the two most important group systems examined are the abosystem and the rhesus system.
Abo and rhesus are both types of antigens found on the surface of red blood cells. Agglutination reaction determines the abo blood type which characterizes by the clump formation in the blood. Note that h antigen is in a separate system, h blood group system 018, and is not part of the abo system. Abo blood group system, the classification of human blood based on the inherited properties of red blood cells erythrocytes as determined by the presence or absence of the antigens a and b, which are carried on the surface of the red cells. Now 30 known human blood group systems and complicated issues surrounding blood type incompatibility continue to frustrate clinicians and scientists. In human blood transfusions it is the most important of the 36 different blood type or group classification systems currently recognized.
One can find some very comprehensive charts and guides detailing the ideal food by blood type, but here is a basic layout of the main blood types and their corresponding dietary basics. Apart from abo and rhesus system, many other types of antigens. All of the genes representing those systems have now been cloned and sequenced. A blood is decided based on the presence of antigens on the surface of red blood cells. The term human blood group systems is defined by international society of blood transfusion as systems in the human species where cellsurface antigensin. Flourish on intense physical exercise and animal protein. Jan 31, 2017 the human blood consists of the components, red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma and platelets. Since some antigens can trigger a patients immune system to attack the transfused blood, safe blood transfusions depend on careful blood typing and crossmatching.
The term group or type can be used interchangeably when. This essential new information has made the launch of a third edition of human blood groups, now in four colour, particularly timely. Genetic inheritance of blood types similar to the characteristic traits that an individual inherits from his parents, so also is the blood type, which has a genetic inheritance. When you have this a types of blood group o, this means that you have a antigens on the shallow part of your red blood cells. Some of these antigens are also present on the surface of other types of cells of. International society of blood transfusion has recently recognized 33 blood group systems. Test your understanding of different blood types and the blood group system using an interactive quizprintable worksheet combo. Blood types explained a, b, ab and o red cross blood services. So far international society of blood transfusion had recognized 35 human blood group systems. Persons may thus have type a, type b, type o, or type ab blood. These antigens are the third most potent, after those of the abo and rh blood groups, at triggering an immune reaction. Also, if you have this a types of blood group o, it means that you will have the b. Know the abo and rh systems for blood typing and their clinical significance.
Rh blood group is assigned the prefix 004 each antigen assigned to the rh blood group is given a unique number to complete the six digit number. The number of antigens per blood group system, collection, and series varies tremendously from 1 in the p system to more than 30 in the rh and mns systems. Blood types are determined by the presence or absence of certain antigens substances that can trigger an immune response if they are foreign to the body. There are lots of other types but these are the most important. Aug 27, 2017 the main difference between genotype and blood group is that genotype is the genetic makeup of the cells of humans whereas blood group is the different types of human blood, which are determined by different antigens present on the surface of red blood cells. Your blood group is determined by the genes you inherit from your parents. This system, first discovered in 1927, has many distinct phenotypes and is of interest in genetic and anthropological studies of human populations. Over 30 human blood group systems are now recognized 1. Mar 11, 2016 the most wellknown and medically important invention is blood group types.
An inherited feature on the surface of the red blood cells. Every blood group system has gene or genes differ than the other systems. System name system symbol gene names chromosomal location cd numbers 001 abo abo abo 9q34. Jul 17, 2018 red blood cells erythrocytes have certain proteins on their surface, called antigens. Types of blood groups and their characteristics styles. Dec 06, 2019 this group has sensitive immune system. Since some antigens can trigger a patients immune system to attack the transfused blood, safe blood transfusions. The abo blood group system consists of 4 types of blood group a, b, ab, and o and is mainly based on the antigens and antibodies on red blood cells and in the plasma. What are blood group systems currently there are 345 blood group antigens. Apr 25, 2017 the bestknown way of grouping of blood types is the abo system, although there are other groups. The rh blood group system connie westhoff t he rh blood group system is one of the most polymorphic and antigenic blood group systems.
Blood types are inherited and represented by contributions from both parents. The first of the four main types of blood group o is the blood type a. Blood and its constituents hematology is a discipline concerned with the production, function, and disorders of blood cells and blood proteins. This section will cover the major blood group systems, some of the other blood.
Blood is composed of cells suspended in a liquid called plasma. A positive is second most blood groups where patients needs a lot. A mismatch very rare in modern medicine in this, or any other serotype, can cause a potentially fatal adverse reaction after a. Abo blood group system, the classification of human blood based on the inherited properties of red blood cells erythrocytes as determined by. Blood type refers to a specific pattern of reaction to testing antisera within a given system. Blood type also called a blood group is a classification of blood, based on the presence and absence of antibodies and inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells rbcs. Table 62 gives information on the blood group systems other than the nine major systems. Difference between genotype and blood group definition. Blood type refers to a specific pattern of reaction. Blood group was invented by karl landsteiner in 1990 at the university of vienna. During the blood transfusion, the two most important group systems examined are the abo system and the rhesus system.
Functions of blood groups the structures of the different blood group systems and their. Table of blood group systems international society of blood. The term blood group refers to the entire blood group system comprising red blood cell rbc antigens whose specificity is controlled by a series of genes which can be allelic or linked very closely on the same chromosome. Apart from abo and rhesus system, many other types of antigens have been noticed on the red cell membranes. Mns p familial blood group system found in few families kell. Human blood group systems an overview sciencedirect topics. There are four major blood groups determined by the presence or absence of two antigens a and b on the surface of red blood cells. Therefore, the abo blood group system is one of the popular technique to classify human blood. Antibodies that target kell antigens can cause transfusion reactions and hemolytic disease of the newborn hdn. The kell blood group blood groups and red cell antigens. Know the different types of blood transfusions and their complications transfusion reactions.
What are the different human blood groups and types. Oct 26, 2017 rh blood group consists of 49 antigens most significant are d,c,e,c and e commonly used term rh factor refer to d antigen on rbcs surface 26. Human blood groups is a comprehensive and fully referenced text covering both the scientific and clinical aspects of red cell surface antigens, including. The intellectual beauty of blood is apparent to the physiologist and biochemist studying the orchestration of cells, gases, substrates, stimulators, and inhibitors. The incidence rates of o blood group type were significantly higher in the good coronary collateral group compared to the poor collateral group 37. The groups are based on whether or not you have two. This list concerns blood type distribution between countries and regions. The isbt terminology designates a number and a symbol for every blood group system, eg, number 001 and symbol abo for the abo blood group system, and number 009 and symbol jk for the kidd blood group system 1,2.
Group a blood has only the a antigen, group b has only the b antigen, group ab has both, and group o has neither. The abo blood group system is used to denote the presence of one, both, or neither of the a and b antigens on erythrocytes. The frequencies of the abo and rh blood types vary from population to population. These antigens may be proteins, carbohydrates, glycoproteins, or glycolipids, depending on the blood group system. A series of related blood types constitutes a blood group system, such as the rh or abo system. There are four major blood groups and eight different blood types. The kell blood group system is complex and contains many antigens that are highly immunogenic. Also, your plasma contains antibodies which will attack certain antigens if they are present. Introduction to the rhesus blood group university of utah. Abo blood group system majorly classifies the blood into four types that is a, b, ab and o. It is second only to abo in importance in blood transfusion and is well known as a primary cause of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn hdfn.
Within the abo group, four major categories are divided into eight common blood types. They can receive blood from a positive, a negative, o positive and o negative. The abo system is the principal blood grouping system used for humans which categorises people into one of the following four groups a, b, ab, or o. Several nomenclatures have been used to describe antigens, proteins, and genes in the rh system.
E antigen 004003 advantage over rosenfield is that it is a purely numeric system, which is easier for data processing. The red blood cells are the ones that give blood its identity or type. Jan 28, 20 since the last edition, seven new blood group systems and over 60 new blood group antigens have been identified. Blood types explained a, b, ab and o red cross blood. Each group can be either rhd positive or rhd negative, which means your blood group can be one of the eig. In 1930, he belatedly received the nobel prize for his discovery of blood types. The term human blood group systems is defined by international society of blood transfusion as systems in the human species where cellsurface antigensin particular, those on blood cellsare controlled at a single gene locus or by two or more very closely linked homologous genes with little or no observable recombination between them, and include the common abo and rh rhesus antigen.
62 1437 490 803 847 367 254 968 564 1358 1195 1107 83 610 993 1512 1274 1297 343 1073 1124 806 261 1218 84 375 1351 1475 493 723 572 1450 955 1150 736 504